https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1566669437687-7040a6926753
A traumatic brain injury, or TBI, is an injury to the brain caused by external forces that can damage the normal function of the brain. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 176 Americans die from TBI-related injuries each day making this a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. This article will look more closely into the causes and symptoms of TBIs to help you recognize the need for medical attention and seek treatment in time.
What Is a TBI?
TBI is a form of brain injury that usually results from a violent blow to the head, a fall, or a penetrating injury to the head. The injury can be limited to one specific area of the brain, or can affect multiple areas. The severity of TBI can vary greatly, ranging from a mild concussion to severe injury resulting in coma or death. There are two main categories of brain injuries:
Closed head injury
Closed head injuries occur when the brain is damaged by an external force without a break in the skull. This type of injury is caused by a rapid movement of the brain within the skull, resulting in damage to the brain tissue, nerve fibers, and blood vessels. Common causes of closed head injuries include car accidents, falls, and sports-related accidents. Shaken baby syndrome is also a form of closed head injury.
Open head injury
Open head injuries, also known as penetrating head injuries, occur when there is a break in the skull, usually caused by an object piercing the brain such as a bullet. The damage caused by these injuries is often localized and specific, rather than widespread and the extent of the damage will depend on the path of the object within the brain.
If an individual has suffered TBI as a result of someone else’s negligence, it is advisable they find a brain injury lawyer as they may be entitled to recover compensation for their injuries.
What Are the Causes of a TBI?
The severity of the damage caused by a TBI can vary and is influenced by several factors, including the type of injury and the amount of force involved in the impact. Below are some of the most common causes of a TBI:
- Falls: A TBI is commonly caused by falls from beds, ladders, stairs, and other heights, particularly in children and the elderly.
- Vehicle accidents: A TBI is a frequent result of collisions involving cars, bicycles, and motorcycles.
- Violence: A TBI can be caused by domestic violence, gunshot wounds, child abuse, and other forms of assault. Shaken baby syndrome is a form of TBI that occurs in infants as a result of being violently shaken.
- Sports-related injuries: A TBI can be caused by injuries sustained in sports such as football, boxing, soccer, baseball, hockey, and other high-impact sports.
- Explosive blasts: Explosive blasts are a common cause of a TBI in military personnel as damage is thought to be done by the blast pressure wave as it passes through the brain.
Common Symptoms of a TBI
Symptoms of a TBI can vary depending on the severity of the injury and some symptoms may appear immediately, while others may become apparent hours, days or even weeks, after the injury occurred. Common symptoms of a TBI include: headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion, memory loss, fatigue, difficulty sleeping, difficulty thinking or concentrating, anxiety, depression, irritability, slurred speech, and changes in mood or behavior. Severe TBIs can also result in seizures, loss of consciousness, coma, or brain death.
Treatment and Prevention
Treatment for a TBI will vary depending on the severity of the injury and will typically include a range of medical, rehabilitation, and support services. Medical treatment for a TBI will usually aim to stabilize the injured person’s condition to prevent further injury and can include a number of measures such as supplying oxygen, reducing pressure on the brain, and regulating blood flow. Surgery may be required in some cases, to repair skull fractures and remove blood clots.
Following medical treatment, the focus will be on the person’s rehabilitation and recovery. This may include physical therapy to help with coordination, balance, and strength, as well as occupational therapy to help with daily activities. Speech therapy may also be needed to help with communication and cognitive problems. The following tips can reduce the risk of a TBI:
- Wearing helmets when participating in activities such as cycling, skiing, and horseback riding.
- Wearing seat belts when driving or riding in a car.
- Using safety equipment in the workplace.
- Avoiding dangerous behaviors, such as driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol or engaging in risky physical activities.
- Prevent falls, particularly in older adults, through measures such as fitting handrails around the home.
The guidance in this article can help you become aware of the signs and symptoms of a TBI if you suspect a head injury to yourself or another, and to seek medical attention promptly to ensure the best possible outcome.
